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🔖 Narration Rules

📌 Sentence অনুসার Verb ও Conjunction

1️⃣ Assertive : told/said … that
2️⃣ Optative : prayed/wished … that
3️⃣ Exclamatory : exclaimed … that
4️⃣ Interrogative : asked … WH/If
5️⃣ Imperative : requested/ordered/advised … to/not to


📌 বিভিন্ন প্রকারের Sentence সহজে চিনিবার উপায়

1️⃣ Assertive চিনিবার উপায় : প্রথমে Sub থাকবে
2️⃣ Interrogative চিনিবার উপায় : প্রথমে WH বা Auxiliary থাকবে
3️⃣ Imperative চিনিবার উপায় : প্রথমে মূল verb বসবে
4️⃣ Optative চিনিবার উপায় : প্রথমে May বসবে
5️⃣ Exclamatory চিনিবার উপায় : শেষে ! চিহ্ন বসবে


📌 Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

🔸am, is are এর পরিবর্তে was, were হবে
🔸was, were এর পরিবর্তে had been হবে
🔸have, has এর পরিবর্তে had হবে
🔸Verb-এর present form এর পরিবর্তে past form হবে
🔸Verb-এর past form এর পরিবর্তে had + P.P form হবে


📌 Person পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম
SubjectObjectPossessive
Imemy
Weusour
Youyouyour
Theythemtheir
Hehimhis
Sheherher

🔸1ˢᵗ person এর জায়গায় বক্তা বসবে
🔸2ⁿᵈ person এর জায়গায় শ্রোতা বসবে
🔸3ʳᵈ person এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না


📌 Time & Place পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech
* nowthen
* thisthat
thesethose
hencethence
thusso
agobefore
* herethere
comego
*todaythat day
*tomorrowthe next day
*yesterdaythe previous day
last nightthe previous night
last weekthe previous week
last monththe previous month

📌 কিছু পরিবর্তন মাথায় রাখতে হবে

🔸Yes-এর পরিবর্তে replied in the affiremative বসবে
🔸No-এর পরিবর্তে replied in the negative বসবে
🔸Sir-এর পরিবর্তে respectfully/ with respect/ politely/ বসবে
🔸Must (চিরন্তন বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝালে)— must
🔸Must(সাধারণ বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝালে)— had to


📌 Let us/ Let’s থাকলে—

🔸S + suggested/proposed + gerund; Or
🔸S + suggested/proposed + infinitive; OR
🔸S + suggested/proposed + they/we + should + মূল-verb …
🔸 Let-এর পর us না থাকলে— S + told + O + that + S + might + মূল-verb…

📌 যদি কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হয়— addressing + সম্বোধন বাচক শব্দ + as, S + V
📌 Thank you/ Congratulation থাকলে— S + Thanked/Congratulated + O
📌 Good bye/ Good night/ Farewel থাকলে— S + bade + O + Good bye/Good night/ Farewel
📌 Good morning/ Good evening/ Good afternoon থাকলে—
S + wished + O + Good bye/Good morning/Good evening/ Good afternoon

📌 By my life/ by God/ by jove থাকলে—
Swearing by my life/ by God/ by jove, S + V …
📌 Excuse me/ Listen/ Hello থাকলে— S+drew his/her/my/their+attention and + V…


📌 কোন বক্তা পর পর একাধিক উক্তি থাকলে ২য় বা তৎপরবর্তী উক্তিসমূহের জন্য-
  1. Assertive-এর ক্ষেত্রে- added/ also said/ again said/ also added/ further added
  2. Interrogative-এর ক্ষেত্রে- also asked/ again asked/ further

🏅 Sentence Conversion Examples

📌 Example 1

Direct Speech:

The teacher said, “Can you tell me what I should do now?”
“No Sir,” one of the students said.
The teacher smiled and said, “Try to guess.”
“You should introduce yourself to us.” another student said.

Indirect Speech:

The teacher asked if they could tell him what he should do then.
One of the students replied in the negative.
The teacher smiled and told them to try to guess.
Another student said that he should introduce himself to them.


📌 Example 2

Direct Speech:

“Have you done your English lesson today?” asked the teacher.
“Yes, Sir, I have done it. But I haven’t understood some grammatical points.” replied Nasreen.
“Where is the problem?” said the teacher. “Let us try again.”

Indirect Speech:

The teacher asked Nasreen if she had done her English lesson that day.
Nasreen replied in the affirmative but said that she hadn’t understood some grammatical points.
The teacher asked where the problem was and suggested that they try again.


📌 Example 3

Direct Speech:

“I have got G.P.A. 5 in the S.S.C. Examination,” said Kamal.
“Congratulations.”
“What do you intend to do now?” asked Hasan.
“I want to study in a reputed college. I will try to get myself admitted into Dhaka College,” said Kamal.

Indirect Speech:

Kamal said that he had got G.P.A. 5 in the S.S.C. Examination.
Hasan congratulated him and asked what he intended to do then.
Kamal replied that he wanted to study in a reputed college and that he would try to get himself admitted into Dhaka College.


📌 নিচে আরো উদাহরণ দেওয়া হল:
Assertive:
  1. Direct: She said, “I am going to the market.”
    Indirect: She said that she was going to the market.

  2. Direct: He said, “I have finished my homework.”
    Indirect: He said that he had finished his homework.

  3. Direct: They said, “We will visit the museum tomorrow.”
    Indirect: They said that they would visit the museum the next day.

  4. Direct: She said, “I can solve the problem.”
    Indirect: She said that she could solve the problem.

  5. Direct: John said, “I am working on the project.”
    Indirect: John said that he was working on the project.

  6. Direct: They said, “We have been studying for two hours.”
    Indirect: They said that they had been studying for two hours.

  7. Direct: He said, “I will call you later.”
    Indirect: He said that he would call me later.

  8. Direct: Mary said, “I was at the party last night.”
    Indirect: Mary said that she had been at the party the night before.

  9. Direct: They said, “We have never seen such a beautiful place.”
    Indirect: They said that they had never seen such a beautiful place.

  10. Direct: She said, “I need some help with this task.”
    Indirect: She said that she needed some help with that task.


📌 Interrogative:
  1. Direct: He asked, “What time does the train arrive?”
    Indirect: He asked what time the train arrived.

  2. Direct: She asked, “Are you coming to the party?”
    Indirect: She asked if I was coming to the party.

  3. Direct: They asked, “Did you complete the assignment?”
    Indirect: They asked if I had completed the assignment.

  4. Direct: John asked, “Where is the nearest hospital?”
    Indirect: John asked where the nearest hospital was.

  5. Direct: He asked, “Why did you leave early?”
    Indirect: He asked why I had left early.

  6. Direct: She asked, “Can you help me with this?”
    Indirect: She asked if I could help her with that.

  7. Direct: They asked, “How much does this book cost?”
    Indirect: They asked how much that book cost.

  8. Direct: He asked, “Will you join us for dinner?”
    Indirect: He asked if I would join them for dinner.

  9. Direct: She asked, “Have you seen my keys?”
    Indirect: She asked if I had seen her keys.

  10. Direct: They asked, “Are you interested in joining the club?”
    Indirect: They asked if I was interested in joining the club.


📌 Imperative:
  1. Direct: He said, “Please help me with this task.”
    Indirect: He requested me to help him with that task.

  2. Direct: She said, “Don’t go there.”
    Indirect: She advised me not to go there.

  3. Direct: John said, “Wait for me.”
    Indirect: John requested me to wait for him.

  4. Direct: The teacher said, “Finish your homework before you leave.”
    Indirect: The teacher ordered me to finish my homework before I left.

  5. Direct: He said, “Close the door.”
    Indirect: He ordered me to close the door.

  6. Direct: She said, “Give me the book.”
    Indirect: She asked me to give her the book.

  7. Direct: He said, “Let’s go for a walk.”
    Indirect: He suggested going for a walk.

  8. Direct: She said, “Don’t touch that!”
    Indirect: She warned me not to touch that.

  9. Direct: They said, “Take this seat.”
    Indirect: They offered me to take that seat.

  10. Direct: He said, “Help your brother.”
    Indirect: He requested me to help my brother.


📌 Optative:
  1. Direct: He said, “May you live long!”
    Indirect: He wished that I might live long.

  2. Direct: She said, “I wish I could fly.”
    Indirect: She wished that she could fly.

  3. Direct: He said, “May you succeed in life!”
    Indirect: He wished that I might succeed in life.

  4. Direct: They said, “May you be happy always!”
    Indirect: They wished that I might be happy always.

  5. Direct: She said, “I wish I had more time.”
    Indirect: She wished that she had had more time.

  6. Direct: He said, “May peace prevail in the world.”
    Indirect: He prayed that peace might prevail in the world.

  7. Direct: She said, “I wish I had studied harder.”
    Indirect: She wished that she had studied harder.

  8. Direct: He said, “May the force be with you!”
    Indirect: He wished that the force might be with me.

  9. Direct: She said, “I wish it would stop raining.”
    Indirect: She wished that it would stop raining.

  10. Direct: He said, “May all your dreams come true.”
    Indirect: He wished that all my dreams might come true.


📌 Exclamatory:
  1. Direct: He said, “What a beautiful view!”
    Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a beautiful view.

  2. Direct: She said, “How amazing this performance is!”
    Indirect: She exclaimed how amazing that performance was.

  3. Direct: John said, “What a lovely day it is!”
    Indirect: John exclaimed that it was a lovely day.

  4. Direct: He said, “What a fantastic idea!”
    Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a fantastic idea.

  5. Direct: She said, “How wonderful the landscape looks!”
    Indirect: She exclaimed how wonderful the landscape looked.

  6. Direct: He said, “What a lovely song this is!”
    Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a lovely song.

  7. Direct: She said, “How bright the stars are!”
    Indirect: She exclaimed how bright the stars were.

  8. Direct: He said, “What a magnificent sight!”
    Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a magnificent sight.

  9. Direct: She said, “How well you performed!”
    Indirect: She exclaimed how well I had performed.

  10. Direct: He said, “What a strange thing to do!”
    Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a strange thing to do.

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