Skip to Content

🔖 01. That / so that / in order that (āϝāĻžāϤ⧇)

Present Tense:
â€Ļ that/so that / in order that + S + can/will/may + V1 + E

Past Tense:
â€Ļ that/so that/ in order that + S + could/would/might + V1 + E

Examples:

  1. We eat so that we can survive.
    āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ–āĻžāχ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ
  2. We ate so that we could survive.
    āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽ
  3. She saved money in order that she could buy a gift.
    āϏ⧇ āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϜāĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤ

🔖 02. As if / As though (āĻāĻŽāύâ€Ļ āϝ⧇āύ)

Present Tense:
â€Ļ as if/as though + S + V2 / S + were + O

Past Tense:
â€Ļ as if/as though + S + had + V3 / S + had been + O

Examples:

  1. She speaks as if she were mad.
    āϏ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āύ āϏ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ—āϞ
  2. She spoke as if she had known everything.
    āϏ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϞ āϝ⧇āύ āϏāĻŦāχ āϜāĻžāύāϤ

🔖 03. Lest / In case (āĻĒāĻžāϛ⧇ / āϝāĻžāϤ⧇â€Ļ āύāĻž / āύāϤ⧁āĻŦāĻž)

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: Lest → S āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ should / might āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ ❌ not āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤

Structure:
â€Ļ Lest/In case + S + should/might + V1 + O

Examples:

  1. Mintu Babu is walking carefully lest he should fall down.
    āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϟ⧁ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧁ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāϛ⧇ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻĒā§œā§‡ āύāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ
  2. Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
    āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻšāĻžāρāĻŸā§‹, āύāϤ⧁āĻŦāĻž āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύāϟāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇

🔖 04. Though/although (āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“)

Structure:
Though/Although + 1st Clause (āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ) → 2nd Clause (āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ)

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ Clause-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ (opposite) āĻšāĻŦ⧇:

  • (+) āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ → (-) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
  • (-) āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ → (+) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ

Examples:

  1. Though he is poor, he is honest.
    āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āϏ⧇ āĻĻāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ, āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§Ž
  2. Though he knows English, he cannot speak in it.
    āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āϏ⧇ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύ⧇, āϏ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻž

🔖 05. No sooner hadâ€Ļthan / Hardly hadâ€Ļbefore / Scarcely hadâ€Ļwhen

Structure:
No sooner had + S + V3 + O + than/before + S + V2 + O

Examples:

  1. No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāύ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āĻžāϤ⧇ āύāĻž āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āĻžāϤ⧇āχ āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύāϟāĻŋ āϚāϞ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞāĨ¤
  2. Hardly had we reached the college before the ball rang.
    āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āϞ⧇āĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āĻžāϤ⧇ āύāĻž āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āĻžāϤ⧇āχ āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻœā§‡ āωāĻ āϞ⧋āĨ¤
  3. Scarcely had Farida closed the door when the calling bell started ringing.
    āĻĢāϰāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻĻāϰāϜāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āχ āĻ•āϞāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧇āϞ āĻŦāĻžāϜāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāϞāĨ¤

🔖 06. As Soon As (āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āχ)

Structure:
As soon as + S + V2 + O + , + S + V2 + O

Examples:

  1. As soon as Durzoy Das sat down, the phone rang.
    āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇āχ āĻĢā§‹āύ āĻŦ⧇āĻœā§‡ āωāĻ āϞāĨ¤
  2. As soon as the teacher came, there was silence.
    āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āφāϏāϤ⧇āχ āύ⧀āϰāĻŦāϤāĻž āύ⧇āĻŽā§‡ āφāϏāϞāĨ¤

🔖 07. Verb + ing (Gerunds & Participles)

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ phrases/words āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ verb + ing āĻšā§Ÿ:

  • Look forward to
  • with a view to
  • would you mind
  • mind
  • worth
  • can not help
  • could not help
  • feel like
  • be verb/get + used to
  • Prepositions (in, on, at, for, etc.)

āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ: āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ used to āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ verb āĻāϰ base form (V1) āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

Examples:

  1. I look forward to meeting you.
  2. He went to the library with a view to borrowing a book.
  3. Would you mind taking a cup of tea?
  4. The book is worth reading.
  5. We cannot help laughing.
  6. I feel like crying.
  7. He is used to smoking.
  8. He used to smoke.

🔖 08. Till / Until (āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ)

Present/Future Tense:
Till/Until + Present Tense

Past Tense:
Till/Until + Past Tense

Examples:

  1. Just wait till he comes.
    āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻž āφāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
  2. We waited until the train came.
    āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ āύāĻž āφāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
  3. Wait until the rain stops.
    āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤

🔖 09. In spite of / Despite (āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“)

Structure:
In spite of/Despite + Noun Phrase (āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ) → Main Clause (āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ)

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ (opposite) āĻšāĻŦ⧇:

  • (+) āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ → (-) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ
  • (-) āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ → (+) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ

Examples:

  1. In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
    āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āϝ āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§ŽāĨ¤
  2. In spite of his illness, he comes to school regularly.
    āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āύāĨ¤
  3. Despite his poverty, he donates.
    āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤

🔖 10. It is time / It is high time

Structure 1:
It is time/high time → Subject + V2 + Object
(āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇)

Structure 2:
It is time/high time → to + V1 + Object
(āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻž)

Examples:

  1. It is time you worked for your future.
    āĻāϟāĻžāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰāĨ¤
  2. It is high time to work for your future.
    āĻāϟāĻžāχ āωāĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰāĨ¤

🔖 11. Instead of / In lieu of (āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇)

Structure:
Instead of / In lieu of + Noun/Gerund + , + Main Clause

Examples:

  1. Instead of history, he took economics.
    āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
  2. Instead of tea, I prefer coffee.
    āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻĢāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
  3. In lieu of cricket, she loves football.
    āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇āĨ¤

🔖 12. Conditional Sentence (If)

🔀 1st Conditional

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: If āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ Clause āϟāĻŋ Present Tense āĻšāϞ⧇, āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ Clause āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ can/will/may + V1 āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Structure:
If + S + V1 + O → S + can/will/may + V1 + O

Examples:

  1. If she gets good grades, she will go to university.
    āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒ⧇āϞ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
  2. If I stand first, my parents will become happy.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āϖ⧁āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
  3. If you accompany me, I will go to the zoo.
    āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§‹āĨ¤

🔀 2nd Conditional

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: If āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ Clause āϟāĻŋ Past Tense (V2 / were) āĻšāϞ⧇, āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ Clause āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ could/would/might + V1 āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Structure 1 (Past Indefinite):
If + S + V2 + O → S + could/would/might + V1 + O

Structure 2 (Unreal Past):
If + S + were + Complement → S + could/would/might + V1 + O

Examples:

  1. If I had the time, I would learn Italian.
    āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āχāϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
  2. If I knew her number, I could ring her.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āϜāĻžāύāϤāĻžāĻŽ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϰāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
  3. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻšāϤāĻžāĻŽ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇ āĻ‰ā§œāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤

🔀 3rd Conditional

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: If āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ Clause āϟāĻŋ Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) āĻšāϞ⧇, āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ Clause āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ could/would/might + have + V3 āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Structure 1 (If āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ):
If + S + had + V3 + O → S + could/would/might + have + V3 + O

Structure 2 (Had āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁):
Had + S + V3 + O → S + could/would/might + have + V3 + O

Examples:

  1. If I had seen him, I would have given him the message.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āϤāĻžāĻŽ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
  2. If you had helped me, I would have helped you.
    āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
  3. Had he invited me, I would have joined the party.
    āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤

🔖 13. Since (āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇)

Structure 1:
Present Indefinite/Perfect → since → Past Indefinite

Structure 2:
Past Indefinite → since → Past Perfect

Examples:

  1. It is ten years since my sister was born.
    āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§‹āύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻšāϞ⧋āĨ¤
  2. Many years have passed since his friend met him first.
    āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāĨ¤
  3. It was long since I had seen her last.
    āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

🔖 14. Soâ€Ļ that (āĻāϤāχ āϝ⧇)

Structure:
S + verb + so + adjective/adverb + that + S + cannot/could not + V1 + E

Examples:

  1. The man is so weak that he cannot move his body.
    āϞ⧋āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāϤāχ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞ āϝ⧇ āϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰāϕ⧇ āύāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϚāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
  2. Their throats were so dry that they couldn’t speak.
    āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āϞāĻž āĻāϤāχ āĻļ⧁āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤
  3. He is so expert that he can solve it easily.
    āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϤāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻž āϝ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡āχ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤

🔖 15. Would rather (āϤāĻŦ⧁āĻ“/āĻŦāϰāĻ‚)

Structure:
S + would rather + V1 + than + verb/noun

Examples:

  1. He would rather die than forgive you.
    āϏ⧇ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŽāϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
  2. I would rather die than begging.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāϰāĻ‚ āĻŽāϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤

🔖 16. Without + Gerund (āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž/āĻŦā§āϝāϤ⧀āϤ)

Structure:
Without + V1+ing + O → Main Clause

Examples:

  1. Without working hard, you cannot achieve success.
    āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻĢāϞāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
  2. Without reading more, you cannot make a good result.
    āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϞ⧇ āϤ⧁āĻžāĻŽ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤

🔖 17. By + Gerund (āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž/āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇)

Structure:
By + V1+ing + O → Main Clause

Examples:

  1. By working hard, you can achieve success.
    āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻĢāϞāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
  2. By reading more, you can make a good result.
    āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤

🔖 18. Unless (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āύāĻž)

Structure:
Unless + Condition Clause → Main Clause

Examples:

  1. Unless you work hard, you will fail in life.
    āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤
  2. Unless you walk fast, you will miss the train.
    āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āύāĻž āĻšāĻžāρāĻŸā§‡āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύāϟāĻŋ āϧāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤

🔖 19. As long as / So long as (āϝāϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ)

Structure:
As long as + Condition Clause → Main Clause

Examples:

  1. I will fight against injustice as long as I can.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦāĨ¤
  2. He’s welcome to stay as long as I can afford.
    āϝāϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āϤāϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāχāĨ¤

🔖 20. Because of / on account of / owing to / due to (āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇)

Structure:
Because of/on account of/owing to/due to + Noun Phrase → Main Clause

Examples:

  1. I could not help him due to my poverty.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤
  2. I could not go to school because of my illness.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤

🔖 21. Not onlyâ€Ļ but also (āĻāϟāĻŋāĻ“â€Ļ āĻ“āϟāĻŋāĻ“)

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: Not only āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇ (Subject/Verb/Object), but also āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻžāχ āĻŦāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Examples:

  1. Not only Rita but also Ritu will call me.
    āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϰāĻŋāϤāĻžāχ āύāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻŋāϤ⧁āĻ“ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
  2. They are weak not only in Biology but also in English.
    āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āχ āύāϝāĻŧ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇āĻ“ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞāĨ¤

🔖 22. Tooâ€Ļ to / Enoughâ€Ļ to

Structure 1 (Tooâ€Ļto):
S + verb + too + adjective → to + V1 + E

Structure 2 (Tooâ€Ļto with different subject):
S + verb + too + adjective → for + Objective Form + to + V1 + E

Examples:

  1. He is too weak to walk.
    āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāϤ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞāĨ¤
  2. The load is too heavy for her to carry.
    āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤
  3. The sum is too hard for me to solve.
    āĻ…āĻ‚āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύāĨ¤

🔖 23. Let alone (āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻžāχ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž/ āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž)

👉 āύ⧋āϟ: Let alone āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Examples:

  1. Shima Rahaman cannot walk a mile, let alone five miles.
    āϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻž āϰāĻšāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāχāϞ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻž āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž, āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāρāϚ āĻŽāĻžāχāϞ!
  2. He cannot carry 1 kg, let alone 10 kg.
    āϏ⧇ ā§§ āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋāχ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻž, āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ ā§§ā§Ļ āϕ⧇āϜāĻŋ!

🔖 24. Provided / provided that / in case (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇)

Structure:
Main Clause → provided/provided that → Condition Clause

Examples:

  1. He will shine in life provided that he works hard.
    āϏ⧇ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇ āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
  2. The plane will take off provided the weather is good.
    āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āύ āĻŸā§‡āĻ• āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

🔖 25. Relative Pronoun (who/which/what/that/where/when)

Structure 1:
Subject + (who/which/that + verb + O) + Main Verb + O

Structure 2:
S + verb + Object → (who/which/that + verb + O)

Structure 3:
Place/Time → (where/when + S + verb + O)

Examples:

  1. Riya, who is a little girl, is my student.
    āϛ⧋āϟ āĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āĨ¤
  2. I know a man who is a teacher.
    āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϜāύāϕ⧇ āϚāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĨ¤
  3. Natore is the place where I was born.
    āύāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϰ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻž āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
  4. 1971 is the year when Bangladesh became independent.
    ⧧⧝⧭⧧ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Last updated on