Practice
đ 01. That / so that / in order that (āϝāĻžāϤā§)
Present Tense:
âĻ that/so that / in order that + S + can/will/may + V1 + E
Past Tense:
âĻ that/so that/ in order that + S + could/would/might + V1 + E
Examples:
- We eat so that we can survive.
āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ - We ate so that we could survive.
āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽ - She saved money in order that she could buy a gift.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŋāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤ
đ 02. As if / As though (āĻāĻŽāύâĻ āϝā§āύ)
Present Tense:
âĻ as if/as though + S + V2 / S + were + O
Past Tense:
âĻ as if/as though + S + had + V3 / S + had been + O
Examples:
- She speaks as if she were mad.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞāĻā§ āϝā§āύ āϏ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻāϞ - She spoke as if she had known everything.
āϏ⧠āĻŦāϞāϞ āϝā§āύ āϏāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāύāϤ
đ 03. Lest / In case (āĻĒāĻžāĻā§ / āϝāĻžāϤā§âĻ āύāĻž / āύāϤā§āĻŦāĻž)
đ āύā§āĻ: Lest â S āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠should / might āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤ â not āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
Structure:
âĻ Lest/In case + S + should/might + V1 + O
Examples:
- Mintu Babu is walking carefully lest he should fall down.
āĻŽāĻŋāύā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāϤāϰā§āĻāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻāĻā§ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āϏ⧠āĻĒā§ā§ āύāĻž āϝāĻžā§ - Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻā§, āύāϤā§āĻŦāĻž āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āύāĻāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāϏ āĻāϰāĻŦā§
đ 04. Though/although (āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ)
Structure:
Though/Although + 1st Clause (āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ)
â 2nd Clause (āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ)
đ āύā§āĻ: āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ Clause-āĻāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ (opposite) āĻšāĻŦā§:
- (+) āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ â (-) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ
- (-) āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ â (+) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ
Examples:
- Though he is poor, he is honest.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ āϏ⧠āĻĻāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ, āϏ⧠āϏ⧠- Though he knows English, he cannot speak in it.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ āϏ⧠āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύā§, āϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž
đ 05. No sooner hadâĻthan / Hardly hadâĻbefore / Scarcely hadâĻwhen
Structure:
No sooner had + S + V3 + O
+ than/before
+ S + V2 + O
Examples:
- No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϏā§āĻā§āĻļāύ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāϤā§āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āύāĻāĻŋ āĻāϞ⧠āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ - Hardly had we reached the college before the ball rang.
āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϞā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāϤā§āĻ āĻāύā§āĻāĻž āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āϞā§āĨ¤ - Scarcely had Farida closed the door when the calling bell started ringing.
āĻĢāϰāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāύā§āϧ āĻāϰāϤā§āĻ āĻāϞāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāϞāĨ¤
đ 06. As Soon As (āĻāϰāϤā§āĻ)
Structure:
As soon as + S + V2 + O
+ ,
+ S + V2 + O
Examples:
- As soon as Durzoy Das sat down, the phone rang.
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻŦāϏāϤā§āĻ āĻĢā§āύ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āϞāĨ¤ - As soon as the teacher came, there was silence.
āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āĻāϏāϤā§āĻ āύā§āϰāĻŦāϤāĻž āύā§āĻŽā§ āĻāϏāϞāĨ¤
đ 07. Verb + ing (Gerunds & Participles)
đ āύā§āĻ: āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ phrases/words āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb + ing āĻšā§:
- Look forward to
- with a view to
- would you mind
- mind
- worth
- can not help
- could not help
- feel like
- be verb/get + used to
- Prepositions (in, on, at, for, etc.)
āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ: āĻļā§āϧā§
used to
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb āĻāϰ base form (V1) āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Examples:
- I look forward to meeting you.
- He went to the library with a view to borrowing a book.
- Would you mind taking a cup of tea?
- The book is worth reading.
- We cannot help laughing.
- I feel like crying.
- He is used to smoking.
- He used to smoke.
đ 08. Till / Until (āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ)
Present/Future Tense:
Till/Until + Present Tense
Past Tense:
Till/Until + Past Tense
Examples:
- Just wait till he comes.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻāϏāĻž āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤ - We waited until the train came.
āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻā§āϰā§āύ āύāĻž āĻāϏāĻž āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ - Wait until the rain stops.
āĻŦā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
đ 09. In spite of / Despite (āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ)
Structure:
In spite of/Despite + Noun Phrase (āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ)
â Main Clause (āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ)
đ āύā§āĻ: āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻļā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ (opposite) āĻšāĻŦā§:
- (+) āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ â (-) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ
- (-) āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ â (+) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ
Examples:
- In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āϝ āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏā§āĨ¤ - In spite of his illness, he comes to school regularly.
āĻ āϏā§āϏā§āĻĨ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϏā§āύāĨ¤ - Despite his poverty, he donates.
āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
đ 10. It is time / It is high time
Structure 1:
It is time/high time â Subject + V2 + Object
(āϝāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§)
Structure 2:
It is time/high time â to + V1 + Object
(āϝāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž)
Examples:
- It is time you worked for your future.
āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰāĨ¤ - It is high time to work for your future.
āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰāĨ¤
đ 11. Instead of / In lieu of (āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§)
Structure:
Instead of / In lieu of
+ Noun/Gerund + ,
+ Main Clause
Examples:
- Instead of history, he took economics.
āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧠āϏ⧠āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ - Instead of tea, I prefer coffee.
āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻĢāĻŋ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰāĻŋāĨ¤ - In lieu of cricket, she loves football.
āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏ⧠āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāϞ āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĨ¤
đ 12. Conditional Sentence (If)
đ 1st Conditional
đ āύā§āĻ: If āϝā§āĻā§āϤ Clause āĻāĻŋ Present Tense āĻšāϞā§, āĻĒāϰā§āϰ Clause āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠can/will/may + V1 āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Structure:
If + S + V1 + O
â S + can/will/may + V1 + O
Examples:
- If she gets good grades, she will go to university.
āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒā§āϞ⧠āϏ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ - If I stand first, my parents will become happy.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤ - If you accompany me, I will go to the zoo.
āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻžāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
đ 2nd Conditional
đ āύā§āĻ: If āϝā§āĻā§āϤ Clause āĻāĻŋ Past Tense (V2 / were) āĻšāϞā§, āĻĒāϰā§āϰ Clause āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠could/would/might + V1 āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Structure 1 (Past Indefinite):
If + S + V2 + O
â S + could/would/might + V1 + O
Structure 2 (Unreal Past):
If + S + were + Complement
â S + could/would/might + V1 + O
Examples:
- If I had the time, I would learn Italian.
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ - If I knew her number, I could ring her.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻāĻžāύāϤāĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ - If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻšāϤāĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§ āĻā§āϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
đ 3rd Conditional
đ āύā§āĻ: If āϝā§āĻā§āϤ Clause āĻāĻŋ Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) āĻšāϞā§, āĻĒāϰā§āϰ Clause āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠could/would/might + have + V3 āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Structure 1 (If āϝā§āĻā§āϤ):
If + S + had + V3 + O
â S + could/would/might + have + V3 + O
Structure 2 (Had āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻļā§āϰā§):
Had + S + V3 + O
â S + could/would/might + have + V3 + O
Examples:
- If I had seen him, I would have given him the message.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻŽ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ - If you had helped me, I would have helped you.
āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāϤā§, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ - Had he invited me, I would have joined the party.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āϝā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
đ 13. Since (āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤā§)
Structure 1:
Present Indefinite/Perfect â since â Past Indefinite
Structure 2:
Past Indefinite â since â Past Perfect
Examples:
- It is ten years since my sister was born.
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻšāϞā§āĨ¤ - Many years have passed since his friend met him first.
āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĨ¤ - It was long since I had seen her last.
āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻļā§āώ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
đ 14. SoâĻ that (āĻāϤāĻ āϝā§)
Structure:
S + verb + so + adjective/adverb + that + S + cannot/could not + V1 + E
Examples:
- The man is so weak that he cannot move his body.
āϞā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞ āϝ⧠āϏ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāϰā§āϰāĻā§ āύāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ - Their throats were so dry that they couldnât speak.
āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻž āĻāϤāĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ - He is so expert that he can solve it easily.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻā§āĻ āϝ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāĻšāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĨ¤
đ 15. Would rather (āϤāĻŦā§āĻ/āĻŦāϰāĻ)
Structure:
S + would rather + V1 + than + verb/noun
Examples:
- He would rather die than forgive you.
āϏ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āώāĻŽāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŽāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤ - I would rather die than begging.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻŽāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
đ 16. Without + Gerund (āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž/āĻŦā§āϝāϤā§āϤ)
Structure:
Without + V1+ing + O
â Main Clause
Examples:
- Without working hard, you cannot achieve success.
āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻĢāϞāϤāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤ - Without reading more, you cannot make a good result.
āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϞ⧠āϤā§āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
đ 17. By + Gerund (āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž/āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§)
Structure:
By + V1+ing + O
â Main Clause
Examples:
- By working hard, you can achieve success.
āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻĢāϞāϤāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĨ¤ - By reading more, you can make a good result.
āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤
đ 18. Unless (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āύāĻž)
Structure:
Unless + Condition Clause
â Main Clause
Examples:
- Unless you work hard, you will fail in life.
āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āύāĻž āĻāϰā§āύ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŦāύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤ - Unless you walk fast, you will miss the train.
āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āύāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻāĻā§āύ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āύāĻāĻŋ āϧāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤
đ 19. As long as / So long as (āϝāϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ)
Structure:
As long as + Condition Clause
â Main Clause
Examples:
- I will fight against injustice as long as I can.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāϤāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦāĨ¤ - Heâs welcome to stay as long as I can afford.
āϝāϤāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨā§āϝ āĻāĻā§ āϤāϤāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāĻāĨ¤
đ 20. Because of / on account of / owing to / due to (āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§)
Structure:
Because of/on account of/owing to/due to + Noun Phrase
â Main Clause
Examples:
- I could not help him due to my poverty.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤ - I could not go to school because of my illness.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ āϏā§āϏā§āĻĨāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āϏā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāύāĻŋāĨ¤
đ 21. Not onlyâĻ but also (āĻāĻāĻŋāĻâĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ)
đ āύā§āĻ: Not only
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϝāĻž āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ (Subject/Verb/Object
), but also
āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Examples:
- Not only Rita but also Ritu will call me.
āĻļā§āϧ⧠āϰāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻ āύāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻŋāϤā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤ - They are weak not only in Biology but also in English.
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āĻ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āĻ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞāĨ¤
đ 22. TooâĻ to / EnoughâĻ to
Structure 1 (TooâĻto):
S + verb + too + adjective â to + V1 + E
Structure 2 (TooâĻto with different subject):
S + verb + too + adjective â for + Objective Form + to + V1 + E
Examples:
- He is too weak to walk.
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞāĨ¤ - The load is too heavy for her to carry.
āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ - The sum is too hard for me to solve.
āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻāĻ āĻŋāύāĨ¤
đ 23. Let alone (āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž/ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž)
đ āύā§āĻ: Let alone āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Examples:
- Shima Rahaman cannot walk a mile, let alone five miles.
āϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻž āϰāĻšāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāϞ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āĻĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāϞ! - He cannot carry 1 kg, let alone 10 kg.
āϏ⧠⧧ āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ!
đ 24. Provided / provided that / in case (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§)
Structure:
Main Clause â provided/provided that â Condition Clause
Examples:
- He will shine in life provided that he works hard.
āϏ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāύ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏ⧠āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ - The plane will take off provided the weather is good.
āĻāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϞā§āύ āĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻĢ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
đ 25. Relative Pronoun (who/which/what/that/where/when)
Structure 1:
Subject
+ (who/which/that + verb + O) + Main Verb + O
Structure 2:
S + verb + Object
â (who/which/that + verb + O)
Structure 3:
Place/Time
â (where/when + S + verb + O)
Examples:
- Riya, who is a little girl, is my student.
āĻā§āĻ āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧā§ āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϰā§āĨ¤ - I know a man who is a teacher.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāύāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻāĨ¤ - Natore is the place where I was born.
āύāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻāĻž āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ - 1971 is the year when Bangladesh became independent.
⧧⧝ā§ā§§ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϝāĻāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤